Work in progress · 2026

Discrete Emergent Gravity

One postulate. Zero free parameters. Gravity, particle physics, and cosmology derived from Planck-scale discrete structure.

1
Postulate
0
Free parameters
7
Landmark results
17
Falsifiable predictions
2
Preprints on Zenodo
Matteo Pinna · Independent researcher, Madrid · ORCID 0009-0004-4078-9015 · Get in touch
Full research programme All derivations, results, and open problems in one document doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20434554

The single postulate

\[H = \sum_n \left[\frac{p_n^2}{2m} - \frac{\alpha_{\exp}}{2}\,a_n^2\right] = 0\]
The atomsSpacetime consists of \(N\) discrete Planck-scale constituents, each characterised by a size parameter \(a_n\) and carrying \(g = 442\) internal quantum states.
The number \(g = 442\)Fixed entirely by the requirement that the gauge algebra SU(21)×U(1) embeds the Standard Model. The adjoint of SU(21) contributes 440 states; U(1) contributes 2. Not a free parameter.
What followsEvery quantitative result in this programme — gravity, the cosmological constant, the Higgs mass, the Standard Model gauge group, black hole unitarity — is derived from this constraint, with no parameter fitted to observation. DEG describes the universe from the moment of spacetime atom condensation onward. What preceded that moment is a separate, identified open problem. Results carry explicit precision tags; see the full manuscript for detail.

Results

Landmark predictions — zero free parameters

Result Predicted Observed Status
Cosmological constant \(\Lambda\) \(1.13\times10^{-52}\ \text{m}^{-2}\) \((1.088\pm0.030)\times10^{-52}\ \text{m}^{-2}\) within 1.4σ (3.7%)
Higgs boson mass \(m_H\) \(124.8\pm2.4\ \text{GeV}\) \(125.25\pm0.17\ \text{GeV}\) 0.19σ
Area quantum \(\Delta A\) \(4\ln(442)\,\ell_P^2 \approx 24.37\,\ell_P^2\) LQG analogue Derived
Barbero–Immirzi analogue \(\gamma_{\rm DEG}\) \(\approx 2.24\) From \(g = 442\) Derived
Page curve \(S_{\rm rad}(k)\) \(\min(k,\,N{-}k)\ln 442\) Exact from finite-dim \(\mathcal{H}\) Exact (leading order)
WdW unitarity Exact Kinematic from finite-dim \(\mathcal{H}\) Exact
Born rule \(P = g^k/g_{\rm total}\) No collapse postulate required Semi-derived

Framework results — derived, load-bearing

Gravity

  • Newton's law with exact coefficient
  • Einstein field equations emergent
  • Equivalence principle from overlap
  • Second law \(\dot{S} = 9k_B N > 0\) — exact theorem
  • PPN \(|\gamma{-}1|,|\beta{-}1| < 10^{-27}\) — 22 orders beyond Solar System tests
  • Emergent Lorentz invariance \(\eta_2\sim10^{-58}\)
  • \(w = -1\) exact geometric corollary
  • UV cutoff at \(a\approx0.74\,\mu\text{m}\)

Particle physics

  • SM gauge group from SU(21)
  • Three generations from SU(3)fam — derived, not postulated
  • All SM quantum numbers verified
  • No light exotic particles
  • FN parameter \(\varepsilon = e^{-3/2} \approx 0.223\) [approximate]
  • CKM phase \(\delta_{\rm CKM} = 1.20\ \text{rad}\) (0.2% match)
  • Strong CP: \(|\bar{\theta}_{\rm tree}| < 10^{-17}\) — Nelson–Barr mechanism [approximate]
  • EW oblique \(S, T, U\) satisfied
  • Top Yukawa \(y_t\sim1\) predicted
  • Hierarchy \(\Delta_{\min} = 7.3\pm0.5\) — no SUSY required
  • Doublet-triplet splitting algebraic
  • \(M_{\rm GUT}\sim9\times10^{14}\ \text{GeV}\)

Cosmology

  • Flatness \(\Omega=1\) from discrete Hartle–Hawking — no tuning
  • CMB primordial spectrum: fossil of the pre-geometric phase — transferred unchanged through atom condensation
  • \(w = 1/3\) at quantum-classical transition [DERIVED] — radiation domination is a theorem
  • No inflaton, no fine-tuning
  • \(T_{\rm reheat}\sim10^{18}\ \text{GeV}\)
  • No gravitino / moduli problem
  • All Sakharov conditions from SU(21)
  • \(\eta_B\sim6\times10^{-10}\) compatible
  • \(\lambda_{\rm AD} = 0.42\pm0.18\) derived
  • MOND \(a_0^{\rm DEG} = 8.8\times10^{-11}\ \text{m/s}^2\) — semi-derived, 27% below observed; flagged open item
  • Tully–Fisher \(M\propto v^4\) exact
  • \(\sigma_8 = 0.78\pm0.02\) — partially resolving the tension
  • \(\nu_{R_1}\) dark matter at 7–10 keV

Quantum gravity

  • Black hole information paradox resolved — finite-dim \(\mathcal{H}\) forces unitarity
  • Scrambling \(\tau_{\rm sc}\sim0.1\,\tau_{\rm Horizon}\)
  • WdW unitarity exact
  • Born rule without collapse postulate
  • Decoherence \(\tau_{\rm dec}\sim10^{-35}\ \text{s}\)
  • Singularity resolution — proved theorem [APPROXIMATE]: \(a_n = 0\) requires \(\tau \to -\infty\)
  • \(\Delta A = 4\ln(442)\,\ell_P^2\) area quantum

Falsifiable predictions

Observable Prediction Experiment Timeline Falsifier
Already confirmed
GW speed \(c_{\rm GW}\) \(= c\) exactly GW170817 ✓ confirmed
Ongoing
No WIMP signal Zero direct detection LZ / XENONnT ongoing WIMP detection
CPT-odd LV \(\eta_1\) \(= 0\) [approximate] Fermi-LAT / CTA ongoing Any CPT-odd MDR detection
MOND acceleration \(a_0^{\rm DEG}\) \(8.8\times10^{-11}\ \text{m/s}^2\) SPARC / Vera Rubin ongoing 27% below observed — inconsistent with discrete spacing
Structure growth \(\sigma_8\) \(0.78\pm0.02\) Weak lensing surveys ongoing
2–5 years
Dark energy \(w\) \(= -1\) exactly DESI / Euclid 2–5 yr Any \(5\sigma\) \(w\neq-1\) detection
Power spectrum \(P(k)\) Two-scale suppression \(k\sim0.4\) and \(90\,h/\text{Mpc}\) DESI / Euclid 2–5 yr Suppression at neither scale
3–10 years
Normal neutrino ordering \(m_{\nu_1}\sim10^{-5}\ \text{eV}\) JUNO 3–5 yr Inverted ordering confirmed
Neutron EDM \(d_n\) \(2\times10^{-53}\text{–}6\times10^{-40}\ e{\cdot}\text{cm}\) n2EDM@PSI ~2026 Signal \(>10^{-26}\ e{\cdot}\text{cm}\)
Proton decay \(\tau_p\) \(\sim10^{33\text{–}34}\ \text{yr}\) Hyper-Kamiokande 5–10 yr \(\tau_p > 10^{35}\ \text{yr}\)
2030s–2037
Tensor-to-scalar ratio \(r\) \(0.00452\pm0.002\) [semi-derived] CMB-S4 / LiteBIRD ~2032 \(r > 0.01\)
Non-Gaussianity \(f_{\rm NL}\) \(^\dagger\) \(\sim0.008\) (null) [derived] CMB-S4 ~2032 \(f_{\rm NL} > 1\) at \(2\sigma\)
Env. Tully–Fisher variation \(\lesssim10\%\) [conditional] Vera Rubin / LSST ~2030–35 Zero variation at \(5\sigma\)
Triple Higgs coupling \(\kappa_\lambda\) \(-1.449\pm0.17\) HL-LHC ~2035 SM value \(\kappa_\lambda=1\) decisively excluded
Di-Higgs cross-section \(\sigma_{HH}\) \(57.5\pm10\ \text{fb}\ (1.85\times\text{SM})\) HL-LHC ~2035 \(\sigma < 40\ \text{fb}\) at \(5\sigma\)
Dark matter X-ray line \(3.5\text{–}5\ \text{keV}\ (\nu_{R_1},\ m_s\sim7\text{–}10\ \text{keV})\) ATHENA ~2035 Non-detection in viable window
LISA breathing mode \(^\dagger\) \(h_{\rm br}/h_{\rm tensor}\sim6\times10^{-14}\) LISA ~2037 Polarisation above \(10^{-3}\)
EMRI phase shift \(^\dagger\) \(\Delta\Phi\sim10^{-82}\ \text{rad (null)}\) LISA ~2037 Phase anomaly at LISA sensitivity
Long-term
CMB \(\mu\)-distortion \(\mu\sim10^{-5}\) PIXIE / Voyage 2050 15–20 yr \(\mu < 10^{-6}\)
Di-Higgs at 100 TeV \(2267\pm400\ \text{fb}\) FCC-hh ~2040+
Eff. Brans–Dicke \(\omega_{\rm BD}^{\rm eff}\) \(\approx 4\times10^{11}\) derived Exceeds Cassini bound by \(\sim10^7\)
Casimir deviation Deviation from \(1/d^4\) at \(d < a\) CANNEX long-term No deviation at \(d\sim0.74\ \mu\text{m}\)

\(^\dagger\) Null prediction: DEG predicts signal below experimental threshold. Detection above threshold would falsify.

Open problems

Known tension

Higgs coupling \(\kappa_V = 0.432\)

Currently \(14.2\sigma\) from the LHC measurement at tree level. Non-perturbative DGMLY enhancement raises the analytical ceiling to \(\kappa_V = 0.797\) (\(5.1\sigma\)); no analytical method reaches \(\kappa_V > 0.920\). Reaching \(2\sigma\) compatibility requires \(m_{a_1}/m_\rho \geq 3.80\), a factor of \(2.2\times\) the large-\(N_c\) expectation. Resolution requires DEG-L Group C lattice computation of the \(\mathrm{SU}(3)_{\rm fam}\) V−A spectral function.

Systematic uncertainty

Cosmological constant factor-2

\(\Lambda_{\rm pred}\) carries a factor-2 systematic from non-perturbative \(\xi_{\rm UV}\) matching. Sub-factor-2 precision requires DEG-L-1 lattice ensemble. The zero-parameter central value is unaffected.

Partially derived

Baryon asymmetry \(\eta_B\)

Compatible with observation but not precisely derived. CP phase magnitudes are consistent within range; a fully quantitative derivation requires completing the leptogenesis calculation with fixed \(\varphi_{\rm DEG}\).

Not yet derived

Galaxy cluster profiles at large \(r\)

The MOND mechanism provides partial screening only. Quantitative cluster mass profiles at large radii are not yet derived. DEG predicts no dark matter halos; the cluster regime is the hardest test of this sector.

Outside current framework

Spectral index \(n_s\)

The DEG quantum epoch gives \(n_s = 4\) — a proof that spacetime atoms were not yet formed when the primordial spectrum was generated. The observed \(n_s \approx 0.963\) is a fossil of the pre-geometric phase \(\tilde{G} \supset \mathrm{SU}(21)\times\mathrm{U}(1)\), transferred unchanged through condensation. Eight internal mechanisms exhausted. Identifying \(\tilde{G}\) is the natural next extension of the programme.

Resolution path identified

DEG-L lattice programme

Four ensemble specifications (E1–E4) are complete. Three observable groups: topology (\(K_{\rm fam}\)), Higgs floor, V−A spectral function (\(\kappa_V\)). Estimated ~\(10^5\) GPU-hours. No paper is analytically blocked by DEG-L; it sharpens existing results.

Framework & context

DEG posits that spacetime is a statistical aggregate of \(N\) discrete Planck-scale atoms, each characterised by a size parameter \(a_n\) and an internal Hilbert space of dimension \(g = 442\). The dynamics is governed by a single Hamiltonian constraint — no background metric, no continuous fields at the fundamental level.

From this foundation, the programme derives without fitting any parameter to observation: macroscopic time and the thermodynamic arrow; Newton's law and the Einstein field equations; the observed cosmological constant; galaxy rotation curves via a MOND-like mechanism; the Standard Model gauge group and three generations; the Higgs boson mass; and the exact resolution of the black hole information paradox via a finite-dimensional Hilbert space.

What is not claimed. DEG is not a complete theory of quantum gravity. The derivations rest on statistical and thermodynamic assumptions whose full quantum justification remains open. DEG is a theory of the post-condensation universe — describing cosmic history from spacetime atom formation (~\(T_{\rm reheat}\sim10^{18}\) GeV) through today, approximately 97% of cosmic history in log energy scale. The pre-geometric epoch that preceded condensation, and whose near-conformal dynamics generated the observed CMB tilt, lies outside the single-postulate framework by construction — in the same sense QCD does not derive the electroweak gauge group. That boundary is identified and named; the programme is offered as a coherent, falsifiable research direction within it.

Research pipeline — papers in preparation

  • PreprintFoundations — cosmological constant, time, Newton's lawZenodo
  • In prep.Particle physics — Higgs mass, Standard Model embeddingdrafting
  • In prep.Quantum gravity — black hole unitarity, gravitational wavesdrafting
  • PlannedCosmology — galaxy dynamics, primordial universeplanned
  • PlannedPrecision completions — fermion masses, baryogenesisplanned

This page is updated as each paper becomes available.

Situating the approach

Like loop quantum gravity and causal set theory, DEG takes discreteness as fundamental. It differs in using a statistical mechanics approach: gravity and time emerge thermodynamically, not through geometric quantisation.

The cosmological constant result is, to our knowledge, the first zero-parameter derivation of the observed \(\Lambda\) from any discrete spacetime programme. The key mechanism: the UV cutoff is the micrometre-scale atom spacing \(a\approx0.74\,\mu\text{m}\), not the Planck length — suppressing vacuum energy by \((a/\ell_P)^3\sim10^{86}\).

The Higgs mass prediction is notable for its origin: \(m_H\) is derived from CP-violating observables (\(\delta_{\rm CKM}\) and \(\eta_B\)) through a single internal parameter \(\varphi_{\rm DEG}\) that simultaneously satisfies seven independent constraints across flavour physics, leptogenesis, and the Higgs sector.

The programme is falsifiable at multiple near-term experiments. The most decisive single test is \(w = -1\): any \(5\sigma\) detection of \(w\neq-1\) by DESI or Euclid rules out the entire dark energy sector. DESI DR2 (2025) currently shows a \(3.1\sigma\) preference for dynamical dark energy in combined analyses — suggestive but below the falsification threshold, and sensitive to the choice of supernova compilation.

Domain of validity. DEG has a clean jurisdiction: the post-condensation universe. The CMB spectral index \(n_s \approx 0.963\) is not a DEG prediction — it is a fossil of the pre-geometric phase that preceded spacetime atom formation, transferred unchanged through condensation. The DEG quantum epoch gives \(n_s = 4\), which is the correct result for fluctuations of the already-formed atom lattice, and simultaneously a proof that the atoms were not present earlier. The pre-geometric symmetry \(\tilde{G} \supset \mathrm{SU}(21)\times\mathrm{U}(1)\) whose breaking selects \(g = 442\) is the identified natural extension.

About

Matteo Pinna is a theoretical physicist working independently on quantum gravity and emergent spacetime. His interest in emergent gravity began during his thesis work in 2018, shaped by a conviction that the foundations of physics should admit a simple, parameter-free description — and a specific dissatisfaction with the treatment of time in general relativity.

The starting point was a refusal to accept time as a curved fourth dimension behaving differently from the other three. If space is emergent, time should be too — and the arrow of time, rather than being imposed by initial conditions, should follow from the statistics of whatever is fundamental. DEG is the formalisation of that programme, developed over several years alongside a career in technology.

He is based in Madrid.

Matteo Pinna

Independent researcher

Madrid, Spain

ORCID 0009-0004-4078-9015

LinkedIn

Papers

DOI
DEG Consolidated Manuscript — Complete Research Programme
All derivations, results, open problems, and falsification targets · doi:10.5281/zenodo.20434554
Preprint 2026 Zenodo
DOI
The Cosmological Constant from Vacuum Atom Statistics in Discrete Emergent Gravity
Letter · \(\Lambda_{\rm pred}\approx1.1\times10^{-52}\ \text{m}^{-2}\) — zero-parameter prediction · doi:10.5281/zenodo.20127193
Preprint 2026 Zenodo

Further papers are in preparation. This page will be updated as each becomes available.

Presentations

2026
GeomGravX — 10 Years of Geometric Foundations of Gravity and Extensions
Poster · Physicum, University of Tartu, Estonia · 29 June – 3 July 2026
Poster 2026 Zenodo

Poster material will be made available here via Zenodo once uploaded.

Contact

If you work in quantum gravity, emergent spacetime, or related areas and find this programme of interest, I would welcome correspondence — critical feedback especially.

matteo@deg-gravity.com

I am an independent researcher based in Madrid. Collaboration enquiries and comments from researchers with relevant expertise are very welcome.

The papers above contain full derivations, explicit uncertainty budgets, and complete lists of open problems. Nothing is behind a paywall or submission requirement.

All preprints are available directly on this page as PDF. They represent work in progress and will be updated prior to submission.

The complete research programme — all derivations, results, and open problems — is consolidated in a single citable document published on Zenodo: doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20434554

If you are a physicist encountering DEG for the first time and would like to discuss the approach, its foundations, or its limitations, please feel free to write. I am also happy to share derivation notes on specific points not fully developed in the papers.